Along the lines of yesterday's post about avoiding The Tofu Road so many vegetarians and vegans travel, I'd like to explore the similarities and differences between temepeh and tofu, two popular products derived from soy beans.
According to
Wikipedia, "tempeh, or tempe in Javanese, is made by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process that binds soybeans into a cake form. It is especially popular on the island of Java, where it is a staple source of protein.
Like tofu, tempeh is made from soybeans, but tempeh is a whole soybean product with different nutritional characteristics and textural qualities. Tempeh's fermentation process and its retention of the whole bean give it a higher content of protein, dietary fiber and vitamins compared to tofu, as well as firmer texture and stronger flavor.
Tofu, by contrast, is said to be more versatile in dishes. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine; some consider it to be a meat analogue. Even long before Westerners found and realized its rich nutritional value, tempeh was referred to as “Javanese meat.”"
Also according to
Wikipedia, "tofu (or bean curd) is a food of Chinese origin made by coagulating soy milk, and then pressing the resulting curds into blocks. There are many different varieties of tofu, including fresh tofu and tofu that has been processed in some way.
Tofu has very little flavor or smell on its own, so it can be used either in savory or sweet dishes, and is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.
The production of tofu from soy milk is similar to the production of cheese from milk, although some tofu is made by processing non-soy products, such as almonds or black beans. The byproduct of the process is soy pulp (also called okara in Japanese).
Tofu is low in calories, contains a relatively large amount of iron and contains little fat. Depending on the coagulant used in manufacturing, the tofu may also be high in calcium and/or magnesium. Tofu also contains soy isoflavones, which can mimic natural human estrogens and may have a variety of harmful or beneficial effects when eaten in sufficient quantities."
Here is an great comparison chart to show the character and nutritional differences between tofu and tempeh. Tempeh definitely packs more fiber, protein and calories than tofu.
There is also the issue of phytic acid (which is undesirable in food for it's mineral and vitamin chelating properties as explained
here) to consider. A study of phytic acid in soybeans documents in detail the
phytic acid level at different stages of preparation.
"What
they found is that it is very difficult to break down phytates
in soybeans. In the study, the researchers boil the beans,
pour off the water, soak them again, dehull them, steam them,
drain them, and cool them. The phytic acid levels change very
little with all of this effort.
It is only when they ferment the beans in the form of tempeh
that the phytate levels reduce to about 45% of the levels of the
soaked soybean. Fried tempeh is an improvement still, but if
the tempeh is stored for two weeks at 5ºC and then fried, the
researchers reached the optimal (but not perfect) reduction of
the phytic acid. A 2003 study also found that the phytic acid
level decreased by only 31% by fermenting soybeans (Egounlety
and Aworth 2003).
Thus,
fermentation is the only reasonable option for reducing
phytates in soy. Keep these results in mind as you shop for
soymilk and tofu. Soybeans in soymilk are soaked, strained,
and cooked. Tofu has an additional step - a coagulant is added.
Both of these products retain nearly 100% of the phytates. You
will not get the mineral value out of them that you expect from
the nutritional label.
If you are an avid soymilk drinker, you might consider culturing
it using a process similar to yogurt of kefir." (
From RebuildFromDepression.com blog.)
While tofu and tempeh are both popular substitues for or additions to meat in a diet, I believe tempeh outweighs tofu in nutrition and safety. Though tempeh is not as popular or seen as widely, it is still fairly easy to find in supermarkets. The brand that I've been finding at my local Harris Teeter is
LightLife Organic Tempeh.
Before I ever purchased my own tempeh to prepare at home, I had only enjoyed it in restaurants as "sausage" or cooked in soy sauce. It was always quite salty and I was under the impression that this was it's natural flavor. I was surprised when I opened my first package, took a smell and realized that it is a very neutral substance. We've enjoyed it in pasta sauces and stir frys so far and it's been delicious. Very much like tofu, tempeh easily adopts the other flavors in whatever dish you're preparing.
No matter what soy product you choose, make sure it is made from organic soy beans. Next to corn, soy beans are the most widely genetically modified crop. We are the guinea pigs for GMOs. No one yet knows the long term ramifications and the suppositions do not sound promising.
Live Light, xo-C.
J&J#39: 1 pitcher matcha tea • oatmeal with 2 peaches • 2 Ezekiel tortillas • sad salad: iceburg, tomatoes, guacamole, tortilla strips with creamy cilantro dressing • salsa + chips • 30 minute swim • 3 tomato + cucumber sandwiches on Ezekiel bread with Vegenaise • applesauce